1. Something becomes charged when rubbed against another object. An object becomes charged because electrons are rubbed off from one object to another. An ion is an atom that has had an electron removed.
2. A atom is composed of negatively charged electrons circling a nucleus of positively charged protons and neutrons with no charge.
3. An neutral item becomes polarized when it is put by a charged object. It becomes polarized because the charged object (depending on whether it is positive or negative) either attracts or repels the nuclei in the atoms of the neutral item and attracts or repels the electrons in object. This creates a charge shift in the neutral object and attracts or repels the charged object more strongly than the other, this makes the object polarized.
4. An insulator is a material that is hard to transfer charge from. A conductor is a material where electrons are easily moved off and on to.
5. When two items are electrically attracted it means that the object have opposite charges so they attract or that one is charged negative and the other is neutral so the items attract.
6. A negatively charged balloon picks up neutral pieces of paper because the paper becomes polarized and the positive charges of the paper are closer to the balloon therefore stronger than the negative charges in the paper so the balloon and paper attract because they have opposite charges.
7. An electric field is something a charge has to fill up space. If another charge gets into the electric field, the electric forces act upon it. A test charge shows how strong the electric field is depending on where you stand with it. The closer to the charge, the stronger the force of the electric field. The charge will repel or attract a charge from any direction.
8. Electric potential is measured in joules per coulomb, known as a volt. This measures energy per charge. Electric potential is the potential energy in an electric field of a charge.
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